External cold relates to the season winter. The nature of cold is to contract and shrink therefore whenever it invades the body it causes muscle cramps. Muscle cramps obstruct the free flow of blood and Qi in the body which eventually will lead to headache, joint pain and other types of body pain. Thus the most typical cold symptom is pain.

The antidote to cold is warmth. Warming the body and improving the blood circulation with movement, massage or a hot bath will bring relief from the cold evil.

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Liangyue, D., Yijun, G., Shuhui, H., Xiaoping, J., Yang, L., Rufen, W., Wenjing, W., Xuetai, W., Hengze, X., Xiuling, X., Jiuling, Y. (1987). Chinese acupuncture and moxibustion. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press

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The Six Climatic Factors and The Five Elements

Wind

Heat

Summerheat

Damp

Dryness

Spring (Element Wood)

Summer (Element Fire)

Late Summer (Element Earth)

Autumn (Element Metal)

Winter (Element Water)

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